Wednesday, November 13, 2013

Birds of Cold Mountain

A large number of birds appear in Cold Mountain's (寒山) poems. Here is a list I've compiled thus far.

The Cantonese romanization is Jyutping but with the following modifications:

  1. I use "y" instead of "j" for the /j/ (English "y" sound).
  2. There used to be a distinction in Cantonese between the series (/ts/, /tsʰ/, /s/) and (/tɕ/, /tɕʰ/, /ɕ/). Now this distinction is mostly lost and speakers use one or the other. My personal experience has been that I hear /tɕ/, /tɕʰ/, and /s/. Therefore I will use "j", "q", and "s".
  3. I use modified Yale tones ā, á, a, xà, xá, xa to represent the tones a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 respectively. I find contour symbols more immediate and more easily comparable to the pinyin tones. I use a prefix "x" to represent low tones because (1) "x" is less visually intrusive than the Yale romanization's usage of "h" and (2) you need this low tone information before you begin to process the contour information.


TraditionalSimplifiedMand.Canton.Definition
niǎoniúBird
fèngfxungPhoenix
āCrow
chīSparrowhawk
鸿 hónghxùngBean goose. It is also used in an idiom to mean "grand".
gūkSwan. Although today it is a word for archery target.
白鶴白鹤 báihèbxaak.hxokWhite crane
鸚鵡鹦鹉 yīngwǔyīng.mxoúParrot
鸂鶒 xīchìkāi.qīk(?) It appears to be a type of waterfowl which resembles a Mandarin duck.
鷦鷯鳥鹪鹩鸟 jiāoliáoniǎojiū.lxiù.niúWren
fxùWild duck
白鷺白鹭 báilùbxaak.lxouEgret
鴛鴦鸳鸯 yuānyāngyūn.yeūngMandarin duck. They are consider symbols of fidelity as the Chinese believed they formed lifelong couples.
quèjeukSparrow